THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE PHYSICIAN-HYGIENIST F. ERISMAN TO THE ORGANIXATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL SPACE OF THE CLASSROOM

• Інна Петренко

  Здобувач кафедри теорії і методики виховання Рівненського державного гуманітарного університету

In the article it is analyzed the contribution of a physician-hygienist and teacher, the founder of the national hygienic science and scientific school hygiene in Russia, Swiss-born Fedir Fedorovych Erisman (1842-1915) in the organization of the educational space of the classroom.

It is found out that F. Erisman’s multifaceted activity played an important role in the formation of his conceptual ideas. It included the following directions: social-educational one which was the most significant and included works on the basics of hygiene; practical-pedagogical direction, represented by organizational and teaching activity; and scientific-pedagogical direction, centered on the development of problems of school hygiene.

F. Erisman emphasized the importance of mass hygiene measures in order to positively influence the health of students. A significant place in the research of the scientist is devoted to the problem of the hygiene of mental work of students. According to the results of his experimental research, there were formulated by him general hygienic means of dealing with fatigue, determined norms of sleep, nutrition, distribution of studies, their alternation with rest, with physical exercises for schoolchildren in accordance with age possibilities.Special attention was paid to the organization of recreation and leisure for children.

In the scientific activity of the physician-hygienist F. Erisman, the leading place was given to the organization of the educational space, the ratio of the height of a student and the size of school furniture, taking into account the number of hours a child spends in school and does his homework. He investagated the vision and posture of school-age children; he justified the project of an exemplary classroom and developed hygienic requirements for it; created a special school desk to reduce the risk of myopia and maintain a straight  posture;  revealed patterns of growth of children depending on gender and the conditions of their education; developed an estimate of the physical development of the child (Erisman index).

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