PRACTICES OF STUDYING CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN PEDAGOGY (the end of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century)

• Світлана Борисівна Бричок

  РДГУ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the practices of studying children with disabilities of the scientists who worked most effectively in the context of the studied problem in the lands of sub-Russian Ukraine in the end of the 19^th at the beginning of the 20^th century), among them Ivan Sikorskyi, Mykola Lange, Hryhorii Rossolimo, Oleksandr Lazurskyi.

It was established that I. Sikorskyi began Ukrainian experimental practices for the study of children, based on the synthesis of all knowledge about children, and which were aimed at reforming education; actively disseminated in society the idea of the need for a focused pedagogical study of children, especially with mental and psychical disabilities. He proposed the following plan for the study of children: instinctive and life; will and movement; mind and memory, intelligence, curiosity; feeling; complex state of mind, personality, individuality.

It has been proved that M. Lange initiated an experimental direction in psychology. He combined experimental psychology (in particular, problems of attention and perception) with the study of children's mental development. N. Lange was convinced that pedagogy is a social science that should come from life and be based on sociological research, including the practice of studying children.

It was clarified specified that the sphere of scientific interests of H. Rossolimo was clinical and psychological research of intellectual development, both in norm, and at pathology. The scientist developed a method of studying the child's personality, which made it possible to identify the level of his intellectual development. He called his method the “psychological profiles” method, which studied the composition of the individual with the help of specially selected test tasks. H. Rossolimo’s ideas initiated a whole direction in the development of practices for the study of children with disabilities.

It was found that O. Lazurskyi formulated the basic rules of studying children. He created a program for studying children, built-in accordance with his author's typology of personalities, which contributed to the development of learning practices for children with disabilities in the history of national education at the end of the 19^th - the beginning of the 20^th century.

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