THE PHENOMENON OF “LEADERSHIP” IN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCE: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

• Mykola Danshin

  Candidate for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD),Specialty 011 Educational, Pedagogical Sciences,Rivne State University for the Humanities

  https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3904-242X

In the article the essence of the phenomenon of “leadership” in psychological and pedagogical science was analyzed. The attention is focused on the fact that the phenomenon of leadership has been considered in various aspects, in particular from the standpoint of studying personal determinants, identifying types of leaders and leadership styles, both in the scientific research of foreign and Ukrainian psychologists, including: R. Bales, C. Jibb, L. Carter, F. Knickerbocker, R. Lord, R. Stogdill, F. Fiedler, D. Phillips, O. Vasylkova, L. Karamushka, A. Milosz, S. Pohodenko, and others.

The author analyzes the concept of leadership from the perspective of sociology, psychology and pedagogy. The author emphasizes that leadership is the result of interaction between members of a small group over a certain period of time, which is influenced not only by the presence of certain qualities or combinations of qualities in the group members, but also by their manifestation in specific situations, as well as by the mutual influence of the existing qualities and a specific situation.

It is proved that leadership is a type of managerial interaction aimed at ensuring the most effective coexistence of various sources of power in a particular situation and achieving the goals of the organization.

It is emphasized that the essence of leadership is the ability to make decisions independently within an ideologically structured system, to be the author, generator and implementer of ideas without relying on the decision or opinion of one person. In other words, true leadership leads to a radical change in the relationship between managers and subordinates.

The main functions performed by a leader were characterized: coordinating, communicative, integrative, organizational, and innovative.

The author emphasizes that the concept of leadership is inextricably linked to the concept of leadership style, and analyzes three main leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic and liberal. It is emphasized that although the democratic style of leadership is considered the best, it is not necessary to strive for it in all cases, and often the authoritarian and even libertarian style is preferred.

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